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ATmega128
abstract, a more detailed explanation follows later in this section. A simple code example imple-
menting the desired behavior is also presented.
Figure 95. Interfacing the Application to the T W I in a Typical Transmission
1. Application
writes to TWCR
to initiate
transmission of
START
3. Check TWSR to see if START
was sent. Application loads
SLA+W into TWDR, and loads
appropriate control signals into
TWCR, making sure that TWINT
is written to one, and TWSTA is
5. Check TWSR to see if SLA+W
was sent and ACK received.
Application loads data into TWDR,
and loads appropriate control signals
into TWCR, making sure that TWINT
is written to one.
7. Check TWSR to see if data
was sent and ACK received.
Application loads appropriate
control signals to send STOP
into TWCR, making sure that
TWINT is written to one
written to zero.
TWI bus
START
SLA+W
A
Data
A
STOP
TWI
Hardware
2. TWINT set.
Status code indicates
START condition sent
4. TWINT set.
Status code indicates
SLA+W sendt, ACK
received
6. TWINT set.
Status code indicates
data sent, ACK received
Indicates
TWINT set
Action
1. The first step in a T W I transmission is to transmit a START condition. This is done by
writing a specific value into T W CR, instructing the T W I hardware to transmit a START
condition. W hich value to write is described later on. However, it is important that the
T W INT bit is set in the value written. W riting a one to T W INT clears the flag. The T W I will
not start any operation as long as the T W INT bit in T W CR is set. Immediately after the
application has cleared T W INT, the T W I will initiate transmission of the START condition.
2. W hen the START condition has been transmitted, the T W INT flag in T W CR is set, and
T W SR is updated with a status code indicating that the START condition has success-
fully been sent.
3. The application software should now examine the value of T W SR, to make sure that the
START condition was successfully transmitted. If T W SR indicates otherwise, the applica-
tion software might take some special action, like calling an error routine. Assuming that
the status code is as expected, the application must load SLA+ W into T W DR. Remember
that T W DR is used both for address and data. After T W DR has been loaded with the
desired SLA+ W , a specific value must be written to T W CR, instructing the T W I hardware
to transmit the SLA+ W present in T W DR. W hich value to write is described later on.
However, it is important that the T W INT bit is set in the value written. W riting a one to
T W INT clears the flag. The T W I will not start any operation as long as the T W INT bit in
T W CR is set. Immediately after the application has cleared T W INT, the T W I will initiate
transmission of the address packet.
4. W hen the address packet has been transmitted, the T W INT flag in T W CR is set, and
T W SR is updated with a status code indicating that the address packet has successfully
been sent. The status code will also reflect whether a slave acknowledged the packet or
not.
5. The application software should now examine the value of T W SR, to make sure that the
address packet was successfully transmitted, and that the value of the ACK bit was as
expected. If T W SR indicates otherwise, the application software might take some special
action, like calling an error routine. Assuming that the status code is as expected, the
208
2467X–AVR–06/11
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